Using Primary Sources
An Interdisciplinary Approach to Cultural Awareness and Knowledge
                            (Social Studies, Language Arts, Science and Spanish)
 

Purpose or Abstract:
The use of primary sources creates an "active" way to help students increase their  knowledge of other cultures.  A review of the literature shows that students learn more, learn more quickly and enjoy learning more when they use primary sources within the curriculum. They also learn to consider different perspectives as they develop knowledge and evaluate information from other countries.  Students will be using technology, print sources, pen pals as well as an exchange of “culture boxes” to increase their awareness and understanding of others.  In addition, this project creates an interdisciplinary approach within a team setting to collecting, analyzing and responding to new information about cultures around the world.
 

Outline of the Research Project

Goal:
Using primary sources, students will actively acquire knowledge of other cultures and establish relationships with people and/or classrooms around the world.

Objective 1:      Social Studies
Using news stories from Internet sites, students will analyze current events from the US perspective as well as from the perspectives of other countries that are being studied.

Objective 2:   Social Studies
Using Online Virtual Tours and other pictorial sites, students will “visit” other countries and cultures.

Objective 3    Langauge Arts
Using folktales, folklore and myths, students will read about other cultures and recognize the similarities that exist around the world.

Objective 4: Social Studies, Language Arts , Science and Spanish
Using E-Pals, World Wise Schools and other sources, students will develop a relationship with people in other parts of the world and exchange opinions, ideas, and knowledge.

Objective 5: Social Studies, Language Arts, Science and Spanish
Creating “culture boxes,” students will share their own primary sources with others around the world.
 



Research Plan  (by Objective)
 

Objective 1:      Social Studies
Using news stories from Internet sites, students will analyze current events from the US perspective as well as from the perspectives of other countries that are being studied.

This section will be ongoing throughout the year.  As events occur around the world, students will access these sites to analyze and interpret responses from different countries.

The online news sources listed below are all in English.  However, for the more ambitious who want to translate the news from foreign newspapers into English, the following site can be used:
 How to Translate an Article Into English    or try this site at Alta Vista where you can paste in the article and then translate it into English:   AltaVista® - AV Categories.

Asia
Because of the vastness of this continent and a restriction on time to teach, two countries in Asia, China and India,  were chosen as the focus.  These two countries together account for 1/3 of the total population of the world.

China

 Homepage--People's Daily Online   http://www.peopledaily.com.cn/english/
This is the official newspaper of the Communist Party in China.  This site will give you the official position of the Chinese Communist party on human rights or Tibet or the situation with Taiwan. At times, this can be difficult to open.

 Chinese Embassy in Washington DC  http://www.china-embassy.org/
To get the official position of the Chinese government, their embassy site is an excellent place to go.  There are also many topics and other links from this site that are helpful.  Under "Issues and Events", there are many topics of utmost importance to the Chinese.  Each topic gives the official Chinese position.  Under "Useful Links," there are topics such as "China's Taiwan."

India

The Hindu on indiaserver.com :Wednesday, April 12, 2000 http://www.the-hindu.com/
This is a national newspaper for India.  It also has a search section so that previous articles can be easily found and compared to how other countries are reporting the same event.

 India Daily http://www.indiadaily.com/
Another important newspaper in India.

Sub Sahara Africa
Online news sources from sub Sahara Africa are not plentiful.  What follows is a sampling of countries whose online newspapers are in English.  As events occur in Africa, these sites will be excellent to access and compare with Western journalism.

Daily Mail & Guardian Home Page
This is South Africa's leading independent newspaper.  The paper covers the main events in Africa as well as around the world.

 DIE BURGER, Tuesday 01 September 1998
This is the regional Afrikaans newspaper translated daily to English. Although this paper is undergoing changes, the English translation will still be available.  An excellent site for students to access as they look for differing viewpoints on major issues, especially those affecting South Africa.

 About.com : http://www.nationaudio.com/News/EastAfrican/Current/index.htm
This paper is entitled the "East African" and it is published weekly.  It covers news mostly from East African nations such as Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Mozambique and more.

 About.com : http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/Today/index.html
This is the site of "Daily Nation" on the web.  "The newspaper that serves the nation" covers Nairobi and the rest of Kenya. "The Cutting Edge" is one section worth looking at, particularly if you enjoy stories about government corruption and other injustices.

 About.com : http://the.namibian.com.na/
Windhoek-based daily newspaper from Namibia. The news section is updated daily, but other sections are behind schedule.

 About.com : http://www.postexpresswired.com/
The mission statement of this Nigerian paper is:"The Post Express" is an independent newspaper dedicated to promoting the prospects of democracy and justice in Nigeria and to reaching those who have not abandoned the faith that human affairs are best administered in the spirit of reason and in a climate of true democracy. It is the first newspaper with truly national reach and the ability to access and disseminate international news on a daily basis.
 

Latin America
This region of the world is also difficult to access local online reporting .  Although there are online news sources from many of the countries, most of them are in Spanish or Portuguese only.  There are only a few that are in English. Below is a listing of the sites where one can go and get an English translation of the news in Latin America.  These sites cover local and regional news primarily.

Buenos Aires Herald - Argentina's international newspaper.
This Argentina site refers to itself as "A world of Information in a few Words!"  It is certainly one of Argentina's oldest newspapers since it has been in existence for 123 years.

 Santiago Times: Index April 17, 2000
This site is concerned mostly with news from Chile and doesn't have much about international issues.

 About.com : http://www.granma.cu/1999/ingles/gi-ing.html
Official daily of Cuba's Communist Party. This link is for the English version.

 About.com : http://www.trinidadexpress.com/
This site is for Trinidad and Tobago.

 About.com : http://www.belizenet.com/Reporter/Reporthp.html
This is from the country of Belize.  Belize, the Central American country once known as British Honduras, is a relatively obscure place from a U.S. perspective. The weekly Reporter will give a taste of what happens in the country.
 

Western Journalism
 CNN.com   http://cnn.com/  or   Washingtonpost.com - News Front   http://washingtonpost.com/
These sites can be used to search news stories that occur around the world but are reported on by Western journalists.  Both sites allow you to search for news stories.

 ctnow.com
This is the searchable site for the Hartford Courant. It is interesting for students to look at their home newspaper and  note where the international stories in their local paper originated.  Are they taken from AP or Reuters?  or are they independently written?


Objective 2:   Social Studies
Using Online Virtual Tours and other pictorial sites, students will “visit” other countries and cultures.

Students are to explore the sites below for the country or region they are studying.  As they take a virtual tour of the area, they should create their own html scrapbook or hyperstudio presentation. Each picture or series of pictures should include brief textual information. Students can work with a partner or in a small group to create the scrapbook and then present it to the class.

The scrapbook that students create should use the 5 Themes of Geography as the framework for their pictorial essay.  The 5 Themes of Geography are explained on the social studies site for grade 7.

A great place to start is to use satellite images of the parts of the world that are being studied.  Here is an excellent place to start:
 About.com : http://southport.jpl.nasa.gov/imagemaps/wmap_Sep95.html
This is a clickable map of the world where students can click on an area that they are studying and then see what that area looks like from space.

A good place to start is in Yahooligans where there is a listing of pictures from countries all over the world.
 Yahooligans! - Downloader:Pictures:Places to See:Countries

China

China the Beautiful - Chinese Art and Literature
What a  fabulous site!  This site even has a slide show which shows some of the most important art of China. There are excellent examples of calligraphy, a real art. You can even add free software which will allow you to read Chinese. A real treasure of a site.

 Yellow River Home Page  http://www.cis.umassd.edu/~gleung/
This home page of the Yellow river is an excellent site to help students see and appreciate the value of the Yellow River in China. There are numerous pictures that show how the river got its name.  There are maps that also show the extent of the river and why it is so important to China.  In addition, there are excellent links to other important water resources, such as the Grand Canal, where there are excellent pictures to help students actually see what the longest canal in the world looks like and how it is used.

 The Great Wall: Beijing Vista: China Travel: ChinaVista http://www.chinavista.com/travel/greatwall/greatwall.html
The subject of this pictorial site is self-explanatory.  Students tend to be fascinated with the Great Wall and are always intrigued to see pictures.

 China Experience
This site has many excellent tours and pictures of many parts of China.  It also has a lot of good textual information to accompany the pictures. A definite must for a virtual tour of China.

 UMF's trip to China http://www.umf.maine.edu/International/BPU/welcome.html
Again, some great pictures about many areas of China.

 Searching for China: a Full Web Quest
An excellent web quest that encourages students to think and analyze China.  The site begins with an introduction that contains pictures of great sites all over China.

 Yahooligans! - Downloader:Pictures:Places to See:Countries:China
Wonderful array of pictures from all over China.
 

India
 About.com : http://www.sacredsites.com/explore.html
This link is an excellent source of pictures for India.  There are many sacred sites that are shown and each has textual information for an explanation.

 Yahoo! Parks
Understanding the wildlife and the variety of terrains and climates is important to getting a better "picture' of India.  This site has pictures of all these things as well as links to all the major parks in India.

 India Tourism and Travel - Government of India Tourist Office, New York
At this site, click on India Online and then go to Photo Gallery.  There are excellent photos of important places.  Most of the pictures are accompanied by brief textual information.  Also, go to Related Links and then click on the topic Discover India for more pictures.  In addition, the section entitled Regions and States will allow students to choose sections of the country and view photos that show scenery, cities, lifestyle and more.  This entire site is packed with information and pictures from all over India.

 India in photos - Indian Culture - Net Links
Many excellent links to pictures from all over India.

 Yahooligans! - Downloader:Pictures:Places to See:Countries:India
A great site with links to pictures all over India.
 

Sub Sahara Africa
 Photo Gallery   This site is called the Africa for Visitors Photo Gallery.  Click on Gallery Two: FACES OF AFRICA for an array of people who live in Africa.  Click on Gallery Three: KENYA and you will find quite a display of pictures about Kenya.  In addition, this site has many links to individual countries

 About.com : http://users.erols.com/johnston/kobine.htm
There are many photos here and text to explain an important festival in Ghana called the Kobine Festival.

 About.com : http://www.africam.com/   This is a site of South African Bush Country and Africams that have live cams set up in many areas of Africa.  This is best used to observe wildlife in their natural habitat.

 Explore South Africa - adventures, big five, Cape Town, destinations, Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, Hluhluwe/Umfolozi, Kruger National Park, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, Northern Province, North West, safaris, tourism, travel, wildlife
Although this is a tourism site, it has many pictures to show the potential visitor the beauty of South Africa.  There are many pictures, but most of them are small.  Textual information is limited to advertising the virtues of the country. Nevertheless, there are a lot of good pictures that can be found at this site.

 Kruger National Park Home Page
This site is packed with information about the wild life in South Africa.  Great photos and information available.

 South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Botswana - a picture survey
This site has pictures of cities, rural villages and more in addition to photos of the landscape and the animals.

 About
Images of the natural landscape of southern Africa which are truly beautiful and very professionally done.

 About.com : http://users.erols.com/johnston/nav_arch.htm
A place to find Navrongo Architecture of Ghana.  Great pictures to emphasize the reflections of the people and their spirit of independence.

 About.com : http://www.tmeg.com/artifacts/zimbabwe/zimbabwe.htm
For great pictures and information about Great Zimbabwe, this site gives the historical background of this ancient civilization.

 Ethnic and Cultural Villages - Africa for Visitors - Net Links
A great site to links that tell all about the many villages and ethnic groups in many parts of Africa.  Each site has many photos that show the different ways of life.

  Latin America
 Latin America: Subject Resources
This site is full of links to countries in Latin America.  It has many links to virtual tours of the countries which are full of photos.  This site is done by a research librarian and is quite extensive and complete.

 About Belize
Many pictures and good information about the beauty of Belize.  This site is written for visitors.  There are many links to other sites in Belize, most of which have beautiful photos.

 Belize Picture of the Day
This is a very unusual day.  Every day there is a different picture of Belize on this site.

 Mexico Travel Information
This site provides information on Mexico's tourist attractions.  It has a clickable map which allows one to select the area of Mexico to explore.  Each area is complete with pictures and information.

 About.com : http://www.interknowledge.com/argentina/buenos-aires/buenos05.htm
This is the home page for Visit Argentina.  It has a very good introduction and overview of the main areas of Argentina.  Each area has a photograph as well as additional links.  From here there are links to all Latin American countries.

 Barbados 2000 dot com Deluxe touristic guide about Barbados
This is the deluxe tourism guide to Barbados, which is filled with photos of the island.  From this site there are links to every other Caribbean island.

 Meu Brasil by Sergio Koreisha - Brazil
A very extensive site on Brazil with pictures and links to all areas of Brazil.

 Brazil Photo Archives
Photos from all over Brazil.


Objective 3    Langauge Arts
Using folktales, folklore and myths, students will read about other cultures and recognize the similarities that exist around the world.

There is a site which has myths and legends from all over the world.  This is an excellent place to begin.
 Myths and Legends

In addition, there is an encyclopedia about mythology online that has a searchable site.
 Encyclopedia Mythica: Home

Sub Sahara Africa
 Kruger National Park - Tales from the African Bush
A great story about survival in the African Bush.  Students will love the adventure.

 African Oral Traditions - African Cultures
A great site to find all kinds of myths, epics, flocculates, poetry and songs.  There is also a section on oral storytelling in the African tradition.

 Myth: Sub Saharan
This site is filled with links to myths about creation, procreation, deities and gods.

 About.com : http://quattro.me.uiuc.edu/~fog/tales.html
The site is entitled:  Tales, Fables and Stories from Africa.  There is an extensive list of online readings at this site.

China
 Chinese Idioms and Stories
This site has links to many Chinese fables, myths and stories.  All of these are translated into English.  Included are stories about Confucius and his sayings.

 Chinese Myths and Fantasies
A very complete site which shows how mythology is intertwined in Chinese history.

 China the Beautiful - Chinese Art and Literature
This is great site for literature and poetry about China.  There is even the story of Mulan at this site.
 

India
 Stories from Grandpa
A collection of stories from India that tell of its culture and way of life.

 Rama and the Ramayana: Lessons in Dharma
The great Indian epic: The Ramayana Story.

 Festivals of Bharat
A collection of stories and historical information about festivals in India.

Latin America

  origins
From South America, this site tells about the origin of the Incas.

 82.05.09: Mythology: A Study of Puerto Rican Myths, Legends and Folk tales
This site has the myth, The Legend of the Hummingbird.  The site involves complete lesson plans for teaching the myths and folklore from Puerto Rico.

 Children's/Teenage - Fairy Tales & Folklore - South America
Although this site is just an index to these books, it is quite complete and gives an excellent place to start when looking for these stories.

 Folk tales
This site focuses on Mayan tales.  The stories are online are in English.

 aztec folk tale
This tale is entitled, The Queen with One Hundred Lovers.


Objective 4Social Studies, English, Science and Spanish
Using E-Pals, World Wise Schools and other sources, students will develop a relationship with people in other parts of the world and exchange opinions, ideas, and knowledge.


Objective 5:  Social Studies, English, Science and Spanish
Creating “culture boxes,” students will share their own primary sources with others around the world.