Elementary Education Citations
compiled in EDU 360 or EDU 553 or other Ed. Tech. Courses
in the Education Department at  Eastern Connecticut State University
last updated 1/7/01 back to Electronic Textbooks index please contact David Stoloff
if you have any questions
DISCLAIMER

Technology and Education:  Articles reviewed by Francis J. Beasley for Dr. Stoloff’s EDU 553 ECSU, Intersession 2000.

Hawaleshks, D.  “Mathletics.”Maclean's, 10/30/2000, Vol. 114 Issue 44, p45, 1/9p

Focuses on the Internet Web site, Mathletics. Purpose of the site to teach sports-loving children about math; Instruction on topics such as calculating batting averages.
 

 Schneider, J.  “Casio.”T H E Journal, Oct2000, Vol. 28 Issue 3, p108, 2p.
 
 Features Cassiopeia A-22T designed as a handheld computing device from Casio in the United States. Incorporation of pocket versions of Microsoft Word, Excel, Outlook and Power Point; Account on the unit stylus-controlled operated in Window-style environment; Partnership between Casio and Math Resources Inc. for additional programs.
 

 Fox, Robert. “ Math study.”   Communications of the ACM, Dec98, Vol. 41 Issue 12, p9, 1/4p.
 
 Focuses on the effect of using computers in teaching mathematics according to survey findings from the Educational Testing Service Inc. Gains recorded by middle-school students who use computers for complex mathematics; Levels of improvement registered by elementary school students who use computers in mathematics lessons.
 
 

“Technology Tools That Address Standards.” Media & Methods, Nov/Dec2000, Vol. 37 Issue 2, p10, 2p.
 
 Recommends assessment and remediation software to help students in the United States improve their academic achievement. Administration of educational tests and measurements at the Inlet Grove High School in Riviera Beach, Florida; Benefits of using educational technology, particularly computers; Pressures on schools to match curricula with state standards.
 

Technology and Education: Articles reviewed by Tricia Geiling for Dr. Stoloff's EDU360 ECSU, Spring 1999.

Joseph, L. M.  (1998).  "Word boxes help children with learning disabilities identify and spell words."  Reading Teacher, 54, 348-356.

Word boxes is a word recognition program that can be used in classroom settings to aide children with reading disabilities.  This article explains how Word boxes work and outlines a study done using the program in an elementary school setting.  The author reports successful results from his study using Word boxes and makes several constructive suggestions about how other educators can use the program as an effective classroom tool.

McKay, M. D.  (1998).  "Technology and language arts: Great support for every classroom!"  Book Report, 17, 33-35.

Language arts stands to benefit from technology, and this article discusses several key ways teachers can make this happen.  From word processors to Web software, teachers can turn software into valuable learning tools for their students.  Having multiple computers for student use in all classrooms would be great, but this article reveals how even just one computer can be employed in creative and instructional ways.

Riley, R.W.  (1998).  "Technology for every classroom."  Teaching PreK-8, 29, 8.

The E-Rate (Educational Rate) is a crucial factor in realizing the benefits of technology in all our schools.  This article points out that communities need to realize the importance of technology in the classroom and pull together so that all schools get the equipment and hookups needed to utilize technology as a learning tool.  Beyond having the resources, training for teachers is another necessary concern.  Though progress has been made, this article reveals that work needs to be done to overcome limitations often linked to economics and demographic considerations.

Sullivan, J.  (1998).  "The electronic journal: Combining literacy and technology."  Reading Teacher, 52, 90-93.

This edifying article describes a project arranged by a university professor and an elementary school teacher.  The project combined reading, response journals, and email, and it showed that incorporating technology into classroom lessons generates positive results.  Both the university students and the elementary school students had fun with and learned from the activity.  Professor Ernst at ECSU has done a similar activity with students, and this article echos some of the results and thoughts expressed  by her students and their elementary school counterparts.

EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 1996-1997, ARTICLE 27 P. 159-165 reviewed by Kim Cowles
"HOW K-12 TEACHERS ARE USING COMPUTER NETWORKS".
This article describes classroom activities using the computer. Both the
advantages and disadvantages to computer introduction is discussed.
One of the reasons why I like this article is becuase the information
is clearly stated in an easy to comprehend manner. The article isn't full of
technological terms that are way over my head- I could relate to what was
being discussed!
I noticed that of all the teachers surveyed, the number one complaint
(considered a disadvantage) concerning computers was that there is not enough
administrative support. It is stated that there needs to be more in service
workshops and classes offered to educate the teachers-especially those teachers
who have a phobia about computers. Those workshops also need to have time
allotted for both direct instruction and exploration.
The article listed many activities that I found could be useful in
my own classroom one day. Some examples are: students sending their writing
samples to professional writers for feedback, corresponding with professional
engineers for help with independent science projects, e-mailing their pen pals, and using the internet to correspond with teachers all over the world.
I think that this article had many practical and useful ideas to
implement into any classroom and perhaps you may want to distribute this
article to future students within your class. I know that as a future teacher
I always like to read other peoples ideas to try and draw ideas for my own
class someday. By reading this article I was able to incorporate computers into
my (future) classroom in ways I had never before considered!
 
 

EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 1995-1996, ARTICLE 28 P. 162-165
"THE LINK BETWEEN TECHNOLOGY AND AUTHENTIC LEARNING" reviewed by Kim Cowles

This article demonstrated that technology is welcomed into the
classroom like never before. It is stated that technology now has the
potential to exert a much stronger impact on learning in schools. THe
article draws a link between technology and the reform of education. It is
also mentioned that "today's reform efforts strive to change the education
system by fostering a different style of learning." It was interesting to
note that the ways that they see education being reformed are the same ways
in which we are being taught in our education program!
The article also went into detail of how the internet could be
used in a variety of academic settings. Information can be found and applied
to any class or topic you are teaching. Three benefits from technology are
listed and described. 1) through the use of computers teachers see complex
assignments as feasible. 2) Technology appears to provide an entry point to
content areas and inquiries that might otherwise be inaccessible until much
later in an academic career. 3) Technology can extend and enhance what
students are able to produce, whether it be writing reports or graphing data.
This article was short but was also full of information pertaining to
the benefits of technology.
 

Elementary Classrooms

"Use of Computers in Elementary Classrooms" - citations from Deborah Cocheo

 Paul, James R.M. "Pizza and Spaghetti: Solving Math Problems in the
Primary Classroom". The Computing Teacher, Vol. 22 No. 7, April 1995
p. 65-67.
The author believes that computer spreadsheets helps students solve
problems dealing with large quantities. He has developed 2 activities,
related to real-life experiences, to motivate students. He stated that
having the computer do lenghthy computations frees students to
concentrate on problem solving. The computer is able to perform
mathematical functions beyond a particular grade level's ability,
allowing students to focus on interpreting the data and developing
strategies.
 

Madian, Jon. "Multimedia - Why & Why Not?" The Computing Teacher,
Vol. 22 #7, April 1995 p. 16-18.
According to the author, the use of multimedia empowers students
by making lessons less teacher-centered. Students are more directly
involved and more interested. Multimedia is also adaptable to various
students' learning styles. However, the author believes switching our
reliance from textbooks to computers continues to involve students in
impersonal, limited interactions. While he believes computer technology
has a valuable place in classrooms, he thinks that students need to be
encourage more, not less, to interact with other individuals.
 

Brehm, B., Metheny, D., Decker, C., & Heidner, R. "Using Graphics to
Teach Subtraction" The Computing Teacher, Vol. 22 #3, Nov. 1994.
This article discusses computer graphing as a way of using concrete
manipulatives for primary grade students. The authors conducted a study
using elementary students with computer software mathematics programs.
They also evaluated a control group, which did not use the computer, but
worked with teachers. The results showed improved performance on
students' ability to find the missing addend in math problems subsequent
to working on the computer programs.
p. 36-38

 Nelson, Marguerite Hansen. "Processing Poetry to Develop Literacy"
The Computing Teacher, Vol. 22 #3, Nov. 1994. p.39-41.
The author advocates using computer technology and experimental
poetry to aid students in word decoding skills. She discusses several
types of experimental peotry including "sound poems", which are composed
of nonsense syllables, and "snowballing iceograms", which involve
starting with a single letter and adding one letter per line to make a
series of actual words. She worked with learning disabled students but
believes this method is beneficial to a wide range of students,
improving vocabulary, reading ability, and other language arts skills.
She found students to be highly motivated and improved their language
arts skills. One type of experimental poetry, "transformations",
involves replacing words with their definitions. She noted that this
process was especially easy to do with computer technology.
 
 

Elementary Software citations developed by Curt Prochowski

#1 Kennedy, Linda K., ³hyperCard and Oral Presentation² The Computing Teacher Volume 22 number 6, March 1995: pp. 15 & 16.

 HyperCard is a program designed for the Macintosh that can be integrated into any curriculum. HyperCard can be used as a presentation tool by having students create cards which can be projected onto a large screen. HyperCard gives students opportunities to plan, draw, lay out pages, solve problems, use computers, and present information orally.

 #2 Maughan, Shannon, ³The ABC¹s: Baileys¹ Book House² Publishers Weekly Volume 242 number 35, Aug. 28. p.44.

 Baileys¹ Book house is a reading CD-ROM from Edmark which consist of five modules where children can explore language arts skills. Edmo the clown and his talented dog humorously and skillfully illustrate prepositions by jumping over the doghouse. Voices read aloud the letters, words, and sentences and reinforce language arts by having children read-along with text.

 #3 Trivette, Donald B. ³Looking Forward and Backward: Dinosaurs!² P.C. Magazine Volume 12 number 21 December 7, p.587.

Dinosaurs! The Multimedia Encylopedia by Media Design Interactive is an original CD-ROM package which incorporates digitized photos, QuickTime movies, and sound into the programs. From a Contents screen students have the option of selecting: Age of Dinosaurs, Dinosaur Directory, Story of fossils, Ask the Experts, or Dinosaur Gallery. The illustrations and pictures are large, full screen, and very colorful. Compatible with Macintosh LCII (or higher) or IBM with windows.

 #4 Wiesman, Kathryn. "Internet Weather Resources for Elementary School" The Computing Teacher October 1994 Volume 22 number 2 p.43.

 The internet contains information for all ages and knowledge levels. The teacher in this article stresses the importance of using the internet to help students study and learn about climate and weather patterns. The internet allows them to access news articles, weather reports from local, national, and international sources, and meteorlogical databases. Students could access this information on a regular basis in order to plot data in a scientific way.
 
 

Computers in The Elementary Classroom developed by Paula Lynn

The Computing Teacher
Journal of the International Society for Technology in Education, Vol. 22, No. 6, March 1995
"Is It Too Late to Offer Introductory Computing Workshops to Faculty and Staff?" by Leigh E.
Zeitz
Deals with strategies for the administration of an effective computer workshop for elementary
school professionals. Discusses three different types of computer users: novices, those with a
passive acquaintance to computers, and daily users but limited to word processing.

 The Computing Teacher
Journal of the International Society for Technology in Education, Vol. 22, No. 6, February 1995
"Dinosaurs, Computers, and Integrating the Elementary Curriculum" by Andy Etchison
Second graders use Kid Pix and Kid Pix Companion software to present their projects on
dinosaurs to their school and families. The teacher implements the "Modular Learning"
approach which promotes student responsibility for learning and is student-centered.

 The Computing Teacher
Journal of the International Society for Technology in Education, Vol. 22, No. 4, December
1994/January 1995
"Multimedia Memoirs" by Rose Reissman
A teacher of multi-ethnic students who live in neighborhoods where shootouts and untimely
deaths are common has her students use the computer for their memoirs. For the language arts
curriculum, the students use the word processor, create "memoir" drawings, computer graghics,
scanned photos, video transfers, multimedia animation, and maps for their projects.

 The Computing Teacher
Journal of the International Society for Technology in Education, Vol 22, No. 1, September
1994
"Saving Endangered Species - Using Technology to Teach Thematically"
Demonstrates how software can be successfully integrated into a science unit. The kinder-
garteners use "Kids Notes" from Kidstime (Great Wave) to create and tape record songs.
It also discusses ways to determine if software is suitable for the classroom. Examines ways to
use a computer as a learning center for small group activities.
 
 

Classroom Uses compiled by Michele Ridolfi

Bitter, Gary G. and Ruth A. Camuse. Using a Microcomputer in the Classroom.. New Jersey:
Prentice Hall, 1988.
This book discusses the usage of microcomputers in the classroom from kindegarten through twelfth grade. It also discusses their applications, importance, and contribution to society, and the school and home enviornments.

 Blomeyer, Robert L. and Dianne Martin, eds. Case Studies in Computer Aided Learning. London:
The Falmer Press, 1990.
This book uses specific case studies taken from various schools to illustrate the importance and necessity of computers in education.

Jones, Ann and Peter Scrimshaw, eds. Computers in Education 5-13. England: Open University
Press, 1988.
This reader is meant to help teachers wishing to use computers in the classroom, taking a learner-centered approach. It is also meant to aid in the development of creativity, problem-solving skills, and independent learning strategies using the computer as a tool in doing so.

 Roberts, Nancy, et al. Integrating Computers into the Elementary and Middle School. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1988.
This book is meant to show teachers what they are able to accomplish using computers now, and what they will be capable of doing with computers in the future. It also gives some teaching and curriculum developing strategies for teachers to use in conjunction with computers.

 Sendov, Blagovest, and Ivan Stanchev, eds. Children in the Information Age. Oxford: Pergamon
Press, 1988.
This book is a compilation of essays describing different computer functions, and the necessity of learning them in order to facilitate education now and in the future.

 Sloan, Douglas, ed. The Computer in Education: A Critical Perspective. New York: Teachers College Press, 1985.
This book is a myriad of essays compiled by 11 different scholars, all challenging the role of the computer in education. This book raises a number of questions concerning the potential harm computers may bring to human development and potential.

Taylor, Robert P. The Computer in the School: Tutor, Tool, Tutee. New York: Teachers College Press, 1980.
This book is an advocation of using computers in the field of education. It discusses the innovations, ideas, conceptions, and misconceptions dealing with and centering around computers, and addresses public views in relation to the necessity of computers in the class.

Classroom Uses developed Amy Schack

Bitter, Gary, and Ruth Camuse. Using a Microcomputer in the Classroom./
United States: Prentice Hall, 1988: pp.267-283.
A chapter on designing lesson plans for different subject areas. Include grade level considerations, materials required, preparations, and activities. Includes sample lesson plans.

 Squires, David, and Anne McDougall. Choosing and Using Eduacational
Software: A Teacher¹s Guide. London: The Falmer Press, 1994: pp72-
86.
A perspective on teacher and student interactions while using computer software. Notes the increase of group interaction and discussion, decision making, cooperation and planning, and creativity. Also describes integration of content areas. Discusses the important attributes of the teacher in computer aided instruction..

 Tashner, John, ed. Improving Instruction with Microcomputers: Reading
and Resources for Elementary and Secondary Schools. Pheonix: Onyx
Press, 1984: pp. 144-146 and 189-195.
Article 1 presents an English teacher¹s view of word processing and the positive reasons for using it in ther classroom which include: time management, simplified editing, and learning to type.
Article 2 focused on attendance and scheduling packages for teachers. Included positive and negative aspects of packages. Also included a list of various packages and consideration before choosing one.

Pagnoni,M.(1987). "Computers and Small Fries." New Jersey:Avery Publishing Group Inc. reviewed by Susan Tuttle

This book was written to help parents guide young children into the computer age.It can also serve as a guide for early education teachers.Of particular interest for teachers is chapter 3 entitled "Choosing Kid Friendly Software."
 

INCREASING THE USE OF MICROCOMPUTERS IN ELEMENTARY CLASSROOMS --WDI

Cuoco, Albert. "Technology Tips: A Poutpourri." Mathematics Teacher. 566-69, Oct. 1994.

 This article contains tips forwarded by readers for using microcomputers in the classroom. It includes information about notebook computers, various forms of software including geometric software and several forms of logo shareware. Sources and available discounts are also listed.

 Hedley, Carolyn N. "What's New in Software? Mastery of the Computer Through Desktop Publishing." Reading and Writing Quarterly. 279-82, Sept. 1993.

This article discusses the underuse of existing computer facilities in elementary and secondary education and advocates the use of desktop publishing (Journals, Newsletters, and Books) to encourage students (and teachers) to improve communication skills through computer use.

 Hunter, William J. "Can We Talk?" Writing Notebook. 43, Apr./May 1994.

 This article, although primarily a review of the book Language, Classrooms and Computers, provides an interesting view of the computer as a useful tool for promoting oral and written communication skills through its use in word processing and desktop publishing.

 Whitehead, Bruce M. "Classroom Computers: A New Approach." Principal. 34-6, Sept. 1993.

 This article examines the disparity between computer use in elementary and secondary classrooms, and discusses the underlying factors for this difference. The author believes that teachers must make an attempt to learn to use software effectively, to integrate computers and curriculum, and to lobby for state-of-the-art computers and networks. Also examined are the disadvantages of computer labs versus computers within the classroom itself.
 
 

The Impact of Technology on the Elementary Classroom
Bibliographer: Christopher Plumb

Guthrie, Larry F. & Richardson, S. "Turned on to language arts: Computer literacy in the primary grades" Educational Leadership, Vol. 53 #2, Oct. 1995. p. 14ff.

 This article looks at how the use of technology has transformed four specific classroooms involved with Apple Computer Inc.'s Early Language Connections, an educational program developed by Apple for use with K-2 classrooms. A rise in motivation and achievement were universal in the four classrooms. The article cautions that merely placing computers in the classroom is not the way to implement reform; that effort must be accompanied by broad-based reform.

 Buckley, Robert B. "What happens when funding is not an issue?" Educational Leadership, Vol. 53 #2, Oct. 1995. p. 64ff.

 The author, principal of an elementary school in Vermont, profiles what happened when his school received a $1.1M trust fund from a local businessman/politician. The money was earmarked for upgrading the use of technology at the school. While a good portion of the fund was spent on hardware and software, the school was careful to set aside adeduate funds for teacher training, realizing that simply placing compters in the classroom was not sufficient. Now, the teachers commnicate more readily with each other through the convenience of e-mail, students are willing to compose lengthier drafts using word processing, and many different computer programs have been used to enhance learning.

 Switzer, Anna. "Computer education on a tight budget? Think 'Lending Library'" Teaching PreK-8, Vol. 26 #2, October 1995, p. 64 ff

 A New York City school, sensing that their one-computer-per-classroom allotment was not working, took a new approach. The schools's computer lab was well-used but the single computers in the classroom would go unused for days at a time. The school initially purchased five laptop computers, later adding four more. Teachers soon discovered the benefit of "checking out" the computers for use both in their classrooms and at home.

 Strommen, Erik. "Cooperative learning: Technology may be the Trojan horse that brings collaboration into the classroom" Electronic Learning, Vol. 14 #6, March 1995, p. 32ff

 The article explains how technology and cooperative learning, usually considered mutually exclusive, can actually work well together. One reason is that there is no "traditional" method of using computers in the classroom. Technology is most effective when it is used for open-ended interactive experiences. Students gathered around a monitor, taking turns, is not cooperative learning; the technology must encourage groups to discuss, debate, and decide.

Settleage, John Jr., Children's conceptions of light in the context of a
technology- based curriculum, Science Education Sept.1995, v79,
n5, p. 535-553.

Microcomputer-based labs (MBL's) are presently used only on the college and secondary levels. An investigation by the author was conducted, in which an MBL was used to teach third graders about light. It involved a light sensor connected to a computer which plotted light intensity over time. The author was surprised to find that even without prior training in plotting coordinates "many children developed an increasingly sophisticated understanding of graphs and how they related to light." It was observed that this understanding of graphs was gained not through theoretical instruction but purely through practical use of graphs on the computer.
 
 

Fleisher, Paul, Investigating the human body: The Magic School Bus
Explores the Human Body, Technology & Learning Sept.1995,
v16, n1, p. 10-11+.

 The author evaluates and reviews a variety of CD-ROM packages which teach human anatomy to elementary school children. He also provides an easy-reference chart showing, at a glance, the main features and appropriate grade levels for all of the programs. I will highlight just two of them here.

 Body Park , mainly for primary, is an amusement park in the shape of a body. The pupil wanders from on attraction to the next learning about muscles at one stop, about the brain at another. It uses some challenging vocabulary.

 The Magic School Bus Explores the Human Body, for grades 1-5, depicts a class navigating a bus through a classmate's body visiting various organs along the way. At each stop brief "reports" are given by characters on the bus and simple anatomy games are played. The bus' location in the body is not always clear and the sound cannot be turned off.
 
 

Wakefield, Alice P., Creating and using a database of children's
literature, Reading Teacher Dec. 1994, v48, n4, p. 366-367.

 To whom does the recreational reading pupil go first to find out about a "good book?" Another recreational reader, of course. Ms.
Wakefield tells of the advantages of having a data base available to pupils into which they may enter information about the books they read or from which they may find "recommended reading" as given by their peers. The fields she suggests are as follows:
1. TITLE
2. AUTHORLAST
3. AUTHORFIRST
4. ILLUSTLAST
5. ILLUSTFIRST
6. PUBLISHER
7. COPYRIGHT (yr.)
8. SUITABLE GRADE LEVEL
9. FORMAT (picture book, beginning reader)
10. GENRE
11. THEME I
12. THEME II
13. THEME III
14. PLOT (3 sentences)
15. AWARDS
16. QUALITY POINTS (scale developed by class)
17. REVIEWER

 OR use Book Worm from Apple.
 

Novelli, Joan, Better tools for better teamwork, Instructor Oct. 1993,
v103, n3, p. 43-45.

 "Technology gives children a lot more choices, allows for different kinds of learning and helps students develop their individual strengths," says teacher, George Gilmer. He prefers heterogeneous grouping (vs. ability grouping) because it is based on what they can do rather than what they cannot do. Technology makes this possible.
He suggests that a teacher make as many kinds of technology available as possible allowing children to overcome roadblocks that could hamper progress. For example, word processing could free a good writer who struggles with penmanship. A teacher must get to know students and provide them with experiences that respect differences. Then every child shines.